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نور الإيضاح ونجاة الأرواح

The light of clarification and the survival of souls

by Hassan bin Ammar bin Ali Al-Sharnabali

Nur al-Idah wa Najat al-Arwah (meaning "The Light of Clarification and the Salvation of Souls") is a classical, foundational manual of Hanafi jurisprudence (fiqh) written by the early 17th-century Egyptian-Ottoman scholar Imam Hasan ibn Ammar al-Shurunbulali (d. 1069 AH).

Chapter 1 of 103

[Water]

[المياه]

1[Water]
المياه
The waters
التي
which
يجوز
it is permissible
التطهير
purification
بها
with them
المياه
The waters
التي
which
يجوز
it is permissible
التطهير
purification
بها
with them
سبعة
seven
مياه
waters

1. Waters Permissible for Purification The waters with which ritual purification is valid are seven:

2[Water]
ماء
water
السماء
the sky

• Rainwater

3[Water]
وَ
and
مَاءُ
water
الْبَحْرِ
the sea

• Seawater

4[Water]
وماء
and water
النهر
of the river

• River water

5[Water]
وماء
and water
البئر
the well

• Well water

6[Water]
وما
and what
ذاب
melted
من
from
الثلج
the ice/snow

• Melted snow

7[Water]
وماء
and water of
البرد
hail

• Hailwater

8[Water]
وماء
and water
العين
of the eye

• Spring water

9[Water]
ثم
Then
المياه
the waters
على
into
خمسة
five
أقسام:
sections:

2. Categories of Water Water falls into five categories:

10[Water]
طاهر
pure
مطهر
purifying
غير
not
مكروه،
disliked
وهو:
and it is
الماء
the water
المطلق.
absolute/unrestricted

(1) Pure and purifying, without dislikedness: this is absolute water (al-ma' al-mutlaq).

11[Water]
طاهر
Pure
مطهر
purifying
مكروه،
disliked/reprehensible
وهو:
And it is:
ما
that which
شربت
drank
منه
from it
الهرة
the cat
ونحوها
and the like of it
وكان
and it was
قليالً.
little.

(2) Pure and purifying, but disliked (makruh): water from which a cat or similar animal has drunk, when in small quantity.

12[Water]
3
3
-
-
طاهر
pure
غير
not
مطهر
purifying
،
,
وهو:
and it is:
ما
that which
استُعمل
was used
لرفع
for removing
حدث
ritual impurity
أو
or
لقربه
for its proximity
كالوضوء
like ablution
على
upon
الوضوء
the ablution
بنيته.
with its intention.

(3) Pure but not purifying: water used to remove a ritual impurity, or for something approaching it, such as making ablution upon a previous ablution with that intention.

13[Water]
4
4
-
-
نجس،
unclean (impure)
وهو:
and it is:
ما
that which
خالطته
mixed with it
نجاسة
impurity
فغيّرت
and changed
أحد
one of
أوصافه:
its descriptions/qualities:
طعمه
its taste
أو
or
لونه
its color
أو
or
ريحه.
its smell.

(4) Impure (najis): water contaminated by a filth that alters one of its qualities: taste, colour, or smell.

14[Water]
5
5
-
-
مختلف
disputed
في
in
حكمه
its ruling

(5) Water of uncertain ruling: such as water over which scholars differ.

15[Water]
ويصير
And it becomes
الماء
the water
مستعملاً
used/spoiled
بمجرد
merely upon
انفصاله
its separation
عن
from
الجسد.
the body.

3. When Does Water Become Used? Water becomes used (musta'mal) the moment it separates from the body.

16[Water]
4
4
-
-
[ما
[What
ال
the
يجوز
is permissible
به
with it
الوضوء
ablution
من
from
المياه]
the waters]
وال
And not
يجوز:
is permissible:

4. Waters Impermissible for Ablution Ablution is not valid with:

17[Water]
بماء
with water
شجر
of tree
وثمر
and fruit
ولو
even if
خرج
it came out
بنفسه
by itself
من
from
غير
without
عصر
pressing/squeezing
في
in
األظهر.
the most apparent/obvious opinion

• The sap of trees and fruit, even if it flows out naturally without pressing, according to the sounder opinion.

18[Water]
وال
and (that which)
بماء
with water
زال
removed
طبعه:
its nature (its inherent quality)
بالطبخ
by cooking
أو
or
بغلبة
by being overcome (by domination)
غيره
something else (other than it)
عليه.
over it

• Water whose natural character has been altered: by cooking, or by the predominance of another substance mixed into it.

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